"drighte" meaning in All languages combined

See drighte on Wiktionary

Proper name [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈdrixt(ə)/ (note: later non-Northern), /drixˈtiːn/, /ˈdrixtiːn/ (note: especially Northern or North Midland), /ˈdrixtən/ (note: especially Early Middle English, Northern, or North Midland)
Etymology: Inherited from Old English dryhten, from Proto-West Germanic *druhtin, from Proto-Germanic *druhtinaz. Perhaps due to standardised "church usage", this word consistently has /i/ even in dialects where Old English /y/ is retained or becomes /ɛ/; already in Old English, the form drihten is very common. The loss of /n/ is parallel to that in e.g. mayde, while forms with /iː/ in the second syllable have been attributed to association with almyghten, almyghtyn (/alˈmixtən/, /alˈmixtiːn/, ← Old English ælmihtiġan, ælmihtiġne, ælmihtiġum)). But while almyghten may have exerted some influence, it cannot be the only cause of second-syllable /iː/ in this word as forms such as drightin are found in dialects which have reflexes of ælmæhtiġ (e.g. Orm's allmahhtiȝ but Drihhtin), while it fails to explain forms of Cristen such as cristin (/krisˈtiːn/); therefore, the influence of Old French -in and its etymon Latin -īnus is probable. Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|dryhten|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English dryhten, {{inh+|enm|ang|dryhten}} Inherited from Old English dryhten, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*druhtin}} Proto-West Germanic *druhtin, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*druhtinaz}} Proto-Germanic *druhtinaz, {{m+|ang|ælmihtiġan}} Old English ælmihtiġan, {{m+|fro|-in}} Old French -in, {{glossary|etymon}} etymon, {{m+|la|-īnus}} Latin -īnus Head templates: {{head|enm|proper noun||{{{1}}}||{{{gen}}}||||{{{gen_pl}}}|g=|head=}} drighte, {{enm-proper noun}} drighte, {{tlb|enm|poetic}} (poetic) Forms: driȝt [alternative], Driȝt [alternative], driȝte [alternative], driȝth [alternative], driht [alternative], drikte [alternative], dryȝte [alternative], dryȝtte [alternative], drythe [alternative], drigten [alternative, East-Anglia], drithe [alternative, East-Anglia], dryghten [alternative, East-Anglia], driȝten [alternative, Southern], drichtin [alternative, Early-Middle-English], drihten [alternative, Early-Middle-English], drist [alternative, Early-Middle-English], driste [alternative, Early-Middle-English], dristin [alternative, Early-Middle-English], drittin [alternative, Early-Middle-English], drihtin [alternative], Drihhtin [alternative, Ormulum], driȝtin [alternative], Drichtine [alternative], Drightin [alternative], Drychtin [alternative], drightin [alternative, Yorkshire], driht [alternative, Yorkshire], drihtiin [alternative, Yorkshire], drithin [alternative, Yorkshire], dryghtyne [alternative, Yorkshire], þrightin [alternative, Yorkshire], driȝtine [alternative], Driȝtine [alternative], dryghtyn [alternative], Dryȝtyn [alternative], drihte [alternative], dryȝtne [alternative], dryhtin [alternative]
  1. (Christianity) The Lord (God the Father or Jesus Christ) Tags: poetic
    Sense id: en-drighte-enm-name-E8PfhUMi Categories (other): Christianity, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms of address, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, God Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 71 29 Disambiguation of Middle English terms of address: 70 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 65 35 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 75 25 Disambiguation of God: 77 23 Topics: Christianity
  2. (rare) An pagan god (only in petitions) Tags: poetic, rare
    Sense id: en-drighte-enm-name-sj8CX9O6

Alternative forms

{
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      },
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      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "-in"
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      "expansion": "Old French -in",
      "name": "m+"
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        "1": "la",
        "2": "-īnus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -īnus",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English dryhten, from Proto-West Germanic *druhtin, from Proto-Germanic *druhtinaz.\nPerhaps due to standardised \"church usage\", this word consistently has /i/ even in dialects where Old English /y/ is retained or becomes /ɛ/; already in Old English, the form drihten is very common. The loss of /n/ is parallel to that in e.g. mayde, while forms with /iː/ in the second syllable have been attributed to association with almyghten, almyghtyn (/alˈmixtən/, /alˈmixtiːn/, ← Old English ælmihtiġan, ælmihtiġne, ælmihtiġum)). But while almyghten may have exerted some influence, it cannot be the only cause of second-syllable /iː/ in this word as forms such as drightin are found in dialects which have reflexes of ælmæhtiġ (e.g. Orm's allmahhtiȝ but Drihhtin), while it fails to explain forms of Cristen such as cristin (/krisˈtiːn/); therefore, the influence of Old French -in and its etymon Latin -īnus is probable.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "driȝt",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Driȝt",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝth",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driht",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drikte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryȝte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryȝtte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drythe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drigten",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drithe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryghten",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝten",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drichtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drihten",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drist",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dristin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drittin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drihtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Drihhtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Drichtine",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Drightin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Drychtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drightin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driht",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drihtiin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drithin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryghtyne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrightin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝtine",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Driȝtine",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryghtyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dryȝtyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drihte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryȝtne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryhtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "10": "{{{gen_pl}}}",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{gen}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "drighte",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "drighte",
      "name": "enm-proper noun"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "poetic"
      },
      "expansion": "(poetic)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Christianity",
          "orig": "enm:Christianity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
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          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "70 30",
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          "name": "Middle English terms of address",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "75 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "God",
          "orig": "enm:God",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "bold_text_offsets": [
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              79,
              85
            ]
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          "bold_translation_offsets": [
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              118,
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            ]
          ],
          "english": "[…] and [even] workers were slightly sad; this will be remembered for some time: / a dry April during the year of our Lord / a thousand, three hundred, twice twenty, and ten [1370] […]",
          "ref": "c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “Paſſus xııȷ᷒ ⁊c”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 77, recto; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:",
          "text": "[…] And werkmen were agaſt alıte. þıs wole be þouȝt longe / In þe date of oure drıȝte. ın a drye Aprılle / A thousand and þre hundred. twıes twenty and ten […]",
          "translation": "[…] and [even] workers were slightly sad; this will be remembered for some time: / a dry April during the year of our Lord / a thousand, three hundred, twice twenty, and ten [1370] […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The Lord (God the Father or Jesus Christ)"
      ],
      "id": "en-drighte-enm-name-E8PfhUMi",
      "links": [
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          "Christianity",
          "Christianity"
        ],
        [
          "Lord",
          "Lord"
        ],
        [
          "Father",
          "Father#English"
        ],
        [
          "Jesus",
          "Jesus#English"
        ],
        [
          "Christ",
          "Christ#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Christianity) The Lord (God the Father or Jesus Christ)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Christianity"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "An pagan god (only in petitions)"
      ],
      "id": "en-drighte-enm-name-sj8CX9O6",
      "links": [
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          "pagan",
          "pagan"
        ],
        [
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          "god"
        ],
        [
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          "petition#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) An pagan god (only in petitions)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdrixt(ə)/",
      "note": "later non-Northern"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/drixˈtiːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdrixtiːn/",
      "note": "especially Northern or North Midland"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdrixtən/",
      "note": "especially Early Middle English, Northern, or North Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "drighte"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English poetic terms",
    "Middle English proper nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms of address",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:God"
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  "etymology_templates": [
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      "expansion": "Old English dryhten",
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        "2": "gmw-pro",
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        "2": "gem-pro",
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      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *druhtinaz",
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    },
    {
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        "2": "ælmihtiġan"
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      "expansion": "Old English ælmihtiġan",
      "name": "m+"
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        "1": "fro",
        "2": "-in"
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      "expansion": "Old French -in",
      "name": "m+"
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      "name": "glossary"
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        "1": "la",
        "2": "-īnus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -īnus",
      "name": "m+"
    }
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  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English dryhten, from Proto-West Germanic *druhtin, from Proto-Germanic *druhtinaz.\nPerhaps due to standardised \"church usage\", this word consistently has /i/ even in dialects where Old English /y/ is retained or becomes /ɛ/; already in Old English, the form drihten is very common. The loss of /n/ is parallel to that in e.g. mayde, while forms with /iː/ in the second syllable have been attributed to association with almyghten, almyghtyn (/alˈmixtən/, /alˈmixtiːn/, ← Old English ælmihtiġan, ælmihtiġne, ælmihtiġum)). But while almyghten may have exerted some influence, it cannot be the only cause of second-syllable /iː/ in this word as forms such as drightin are found in dialects which have reflexes of ælmæhtiġ (e.g. Orm's allmahhtiȝ but Drihhtin), while it fails to explain forms of Cristen such as cristin (/krisˈtiːn/); therefore, the influence of Old French -in and its etymon Latin -īnus is probable.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "driȝt",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Driȝt",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝth",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driht",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drikte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryȝte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryȝtte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drythe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drigten",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drithe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryghten",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝten",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drichtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drihten",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drist",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dristin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drittin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drihtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Drihhtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Drichtine",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Drightin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Drychtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drightin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driht",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drihtiin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drithin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryghtyne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrightin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Yorkshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "driȝtine",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Driȝtine",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryghtyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dryȝtyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drihte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryȝtne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dryhtin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "10": "{{{gen_pl}}}",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{gen}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "drighte",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "drighte",
      "name": "enm-proper noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "poetic"
      },
      "expansion": "(poetic)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations",
        "enm:Christianity"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              79,
              85
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              118,
              122
            ]
          ],
          "english": "[…] and [even] workers were slightly sad; this will be remembered for some time: / a dry April during the year of our Lord / a thousand, three hundred, twice twenty, and ten [1370] […]",
          "ref": "c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “Paſſus xııȷ᷒ ⁊c”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 77, recto; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:",
          "text": "[…] And werkmen were agaſt alıte. þıs wole be þouȝt longe / In þe date of oure drıȝte. ın a drye Aprılle / A thousand and þre hundred. twıes twenty and ten […]",
          "translation": "[…] and [even] workers were slightly sad; this will be remembered for some time: / a dry April during the year of our Lord / a thousand, three hundred, twice twenty, and ten [1370] […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The Lord (God the Father or Jesus Christ)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Christianity",
          "Christianity"
        ],
        [
          "Lord",
          "Lord"
        ],
        [
          "Father",
          "Father#English"
        ],
        [
          "Jesus",
          "Jesus#English"
        ],
        [
          "Christ",
          "Christ#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Christianity) The Lord (God the Father or Jesus Christ)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Christianity"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An pagan god (only in petitions)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pagan",
          "pagan"
        ],
        [
          "god",
          "god"
        ],
        [
          "petition",
          "petition#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) An pagan god (only in petitions)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdrixt(ə)/",
      "note": "later non-Northern"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/drixˈtiːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdrixtiːn/",
      "note": "especially Northern or North Midland"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdrixtən/",
      "note": "especially Early Middle English, Northern, or North Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "drighte"
}

Download raw JSONL data for drighte meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (d146717 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.